Lightning Rings and Gravity Waves: Insights Into the Giant Eruption Plume From Tonga's Hunga Volcano on 15 January 2022
نویسندگان
چکیده
On 15 January 2022, Hunga Volcano in Tonga produced the most violent eruption modern satellite era, sending a water-rich plume at least 58 km high. Using combination of satellite- and ground-based sensors, we investigate astonishing rate volcanic lightning (>2,600 flashes min?1) what it reveals about dynamics submarine eruption. In map view, locations form radially expanding rings. We show that initial ring is co-located with an internal gravity wave traveling >80 m s?1 stratospheric umbrella cloud. Buoyant oscillations plume's overshooting top generated waves, which enhanced turbulent particle interactions triggered high-current electrical discharges unusually high altitudes. Our analysis attributes intense activity to exceptional mass (>5 × 109 kg s?1), rapidly cloud, entrainment abundant seawater vaporized from magma-water interaction vent.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Geophysical Research Letters
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1944-8007', '0094-8276']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl102341